Gynecomastia is a common condition which results in enlarged male breast tissue. It can be seen in males of all ages, but usually occurs during the newborn period, puberty and older adulthood. Gynecomastia occurs because of an imbalance in testosterone and estrogen hormones. It affects between 50 to 65% of boys and men worldwide.It may occur in one or both breasts. Sometimes people with obesity develop enlarged breasts due to excess fatty tissue known as pseudogynecomastia.
Conditions causing gynecomastia include
  • Alcoholism
  • Liver disease and chronic kidney disease
  • Klinefelter syndrome
  • Adrenal tumors
  • Hyperthyroidism( Increased thyroid hormones)
  • hCG secreting tumors
  • Certain drugs
  • Lavender oils and tea tree oils

Diagnosis

Healthcare providers look at the onset , progression, drug history and perform a physical examination  followed by hormonal evaluation

How is gynecomastia managed or treated?

Some people don’t need treatment for gynecomastia. If there is an offending drug stop or switch to a different one if possible. If a hormonal disorder is the cause, gynecomastia usually decreases with treatment of the underlying condition.

Tamoxifen can be tried in people with new onset gynecomastia. Endocrine evaluation is always necessary in people with gynecomastia especially when there is rapid growth.

Breast reduction surgery can be done in people who are having cosmetic concerns and who do not have any discernible hormonal problems.

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