How is Obesity Diagnosed?
Body Mass Index(BMI) – It is given by the formula,
Weight in Kg/(Height in Meters)2
Waist circumference(WC)
The currently recommended optimal cutoff for WC in India is 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women
Causes
- Genetics
- Unhealthy eating habits
- Sedentary habits
- Lack of exercise
- Hormonal disorders- Cushing, Acromegaly, hypothyroidism
Problems associated with Obesity
1. Metabolic disorders
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia ( High Cholesterols)
- NAFLD/NASH - Fatty liver disease, steatohepatitis and cirrhosis are common in Obesity
2. Mechanical Problems
- Osteoarthritis Knee
- Low back Pain
- Stress Urinary incontinence in woman
- Varicose Veins
3. Mood disorders
- Anxiety
- Depression
Treatment and prevention
- Diet should involve a balanced but low calorie diet
- Exercise atleast 1 hour daily
- Breaking sedentary habits
- Decrease screen time
Medications
Medications are mainly given when the BMI is > 25kg/m2
OR
BMI> 27kg/m2 with comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, Obstructive sleep apneoa etc
- Orlistat
- GLP1 analogues(Liraglutide and Semaglutide)
- Tirzepatide - Newer medication which has a promising role
Bariatric Surgery
It is indicated when the BMI >37.5kgkg/m2
OR
BMI> 32.5kg/m2 with comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, Obstructive sleep apneoa etc
Obesity management includes an ongoing care with psychological , nutritional and exercise support.
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Health Tips & Info
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